7. Discuss the sequence of reduction and oxidation reactions happening at the mitochondrial matrix. When one glucose molecule enters into cellular respiration, how many high-energy phosphate molecules are produced?

-

 7. Discuss the sequence of reduction and oxidation reactions happening at the mitochondrial matrix. When one glucose molecule enters into cellular respiration, how many high-energy phosphate molecules are produced?

answer:




Hint: We all are aware that the cells of our body respire to get energy. This is termed as cellular respiration.
Glycolysis is defined as the process by which the cells in our body break the glucose to release energy. The glucose is broken and catabolised down into pyruvate and energy is released in the form of ATP.

Complete answer:
To know the correct answer to the question, we must have knowledge of every step involved in Glycolysis.

Glycolysis starts with the conversion of glucose into glucose 6-phosphate which is catalysed by the well known enzyme hexokinase. This reaction occurs in the presence of ATP.
This glucose 6-phosphate formed is now isomerized to fructose 6-phosphate.
This then undergoes phosphorylation to form fructose 1,6- diphosphate With the help of ATP and the enzyme kinase.

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate is then broken down into two 3- C containing compounds that are 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde converted into 1,3- diphosphoglyceric acid. at the same time the reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+ takes place.
1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid then converted to 3 phosphoglyceric acid which then changes into 2 phosphoglyceric acid.

Next step is the presence of a dehydration reaction. One water molecule gets removed from 2 phosphoglyceric acids. This leads to the formation of 2 phosphoenol pyruvic acid.

Lastly, this phosphoenol pyruvic acid gets changed into pyruvic acid in the presence of the enzyme pyruvate kinase.
Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of the cell cytoplasm because the glucose and other related enzymes needed for the glycolytic pathway can be easily found there in high concentration. The cytoplasm can be defined as a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell wall. It is mainly composed of water, salts, and protein.
So, 2 molecules of ATP are produced from a glucose molecule.

Note: Here it must be important to note that the glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. It is a common process in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration because it takes place without utilizing oxygen. The pyruvate that gets developed as the end product now goes into the Kreb Cycle which takes place in the mitochondria.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

5.Tabulate the unique and common features for both plant and animal cells.

-
Image
  5. Tabulate the unique and common features for both plant and animal cells.  answer : Difference Between Plant cell and Animal cell The cell is the fundamental unit of life. All the life activities are carried out by cells. The organisms can be classified based on the number of cells present in them. Unicellular organisms are single-celled, while multicellular organisms have a large number of cells. Unicellular organisms are believed to be one of the earliest forms of life on earth. Eventually, more complex multicellular organisms evolved from these unicellular life forms over the aeons. Multicellular organisms have specialized cells with complicated cell organelles, which unicellular organisms typically lack. In an ecosystem, plants have the role of producers, while animals have taken the role of consumers. Hence, their daily activities and functions vary, and so does their cell structure. Cell structure and organelles vary in plants and animals, and are primarily classified based o
Read more

2.Compare the functions of starch and glycogen with a note about their different linkages.

-
Image
  2.Compare the functions of starch and glycogen with a note about their different linkages. answers:  Difference between Starch, and Glycogen The table below shows the main differences between starch, cellulose and glycogen. Starch Glycogen It is a polymer of 𝜶-glucose subunits It is a polymer of 𝜶-glucose subunits It contains two types of polymers, amylose (unbranched and coiled) and amylopectin (branched) It is highly branched and similar to amylopectin The 𝜶-glucose subunits are joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds in amylose and 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds in amylopectin The 𝜶-glucose subunits are joined by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds Amylose is unbranched and amylopectin is branched It is highly branched It is the main storage carbohydrate in plants It is the main storage carbohydrate in animals and fungi Structure of Starch Starch is the main storage carbohydrate of plants. It is made up of 𝜶-glucose subunits. It contains two types of polymers, amylose and amylopectin. Amylose
Read more

1. Elaborate on the diversity of the root and shoot system of plants

-
Image
1. Elaborate on the diversity of the root and shoot system of plants answer: Introduction Plants are one of the most important living organisms on earth. They have huge benefits for both humans and animals. A plant is made up of numerous parts. Distinct parts serve different purposes. The shoot system refers to the portion of the plant that protrudes above ground level, whereas the root system refers to the portion buried beneath the soil. The essential parts of a plant are: Roots Stem Leaves Flowers Fruits The study of plant organ tissue and cellular structure is known as plant anatomy. Cells serve as the fundamental building block of plants. Cells are organised into tissues, which are then organised into organs. Plant organs differ from one another in terms of their internal structure. The monocots and dicots are also observed to have diverse anatomical structures within angiosperms. Internal structures also exhibit environmental adaptations. Anatomy of Root All vascular plants have
Read more